A study of 11,000 workers find that managers have a negative perception of private social media use at work, but they are also more likely to indulge in private social media during work time.

Men, highly educated and single workers are more likely to use social media at work, possibly because they are more confident that they will not be fired. Those from lower socio-economic classes are more likely to be in precarious employment and fear being caught using social media at work.

The researchers do not recommend overloading workers to restrict their social media use. Some studies suggest that social media use can be a good way to switch off momentarily from stress at work, or to reach out for support.

“Good regulations combined with motivational work challenges can prevent private browsing during work hours.”